Which system of thinking is characterized as automatic and unconscious?

The correct choice is identified as System 1 thinking, which is characterized by its automatic and unconscious processes. This system operates quickly and effortlessly, allowing individuals to make rapid judgments and decisions without the need for extensive deliberation or analytic thought. It is often influenced by intuition, emotions, and past experiences, making it very effective for routine tasks and immediate responses.

In contrast, System 2 thinking involves a more deliberate and conscious approach. It requires effort and cognitive resources to analyze problems, plan, and make decisions based on logical reasoning. Cognitive biases refer to systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, often affecting both systems but particularly influencing System 1. Deliberative thinking emphasizes controlled and logical thought processes, further differentiating it from the automatic nature of System 1.